Лекции по английскому (полный курс)

позвонил.

They are having dinner now. They were having dinner at 7

last night. Они обедают сейчас.

Они обедали в 7 часов вечера вчера.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного

глагола “was” (“were”).

Например:

He was watching TV when she came.

Was he watching TV when she came?

He was not watching TV when she came.

What was he doing when she came?

What was he watching when she came?

Упражнения на закрепление.

1. Задайте вопросы по образцу:

Steve usually cleans his suit on Saturdays.

(when Jeff phoned)

Was Steve cleaning his suit when Jeff phoned?

1. Ann usually cooks dinner at 7 o’clock. (when Peter phoned)

2. Jill usually goes to the library every evening. ( when we saw her)

3. Liz plays the violin every day.( when mother came home)

4. Mr Brown reads his newspaper after supper. (when the telephone rang)

5. She usually does her homework in the afternoon. ( when Ann opened the

door)

6. Jane sometimes drinks coffee with Mike. ( when her husband saw them)

2. Переведите диалог и обратите внимание на использование настоящего

продолженного времени.

Thomas is a student. He's staying with the Taylors, an English family.

Thomas: Hello, Mrs Taylor. Can you help me? I'm doing my homework and I

can't understand this word.

Mrs Taytor: Which one? Oh... that’s difficult. I can't help you now.... I'm

watching something...

Thomas: Oh? What are you watching?

Mrs Taylor: I'm watching a cowboy film.

Thomas: Can Mr Taylor help me?

Mrs Taylor: No, he can't now, Thomas. He's reading.

Thomas: What's he reading?

Mrs Taytor: He's reading a magazine.

Thomas: What about Kate?

Mrs Taylor: Oh, she can't help you now... she's phoning someone.

Thomas: Oh? Who's she phoning?

Mrs Taylor: She's phoning her boyfriend... you're asking a lot of questions

tonight, Thomas!

Thomas: Am I?... Well,

I am practicing my English!

Напишите, что делали все члены семьи Тейлор в то время, когда Томас просил

ему помочь.( Переделайте настоящее продолженное время в прошедшее

продолженное.)

Например: When Thomas asked Mrs Taylor to help him, she was watching a

cowboy film.

3. Используя образец, напишите 7 вопросов и ответьте на них .

What are Jill and John doing?- They are playing tennis.

1. Mr Smith/his car

2. Mary/a letter

3. Mr and Mrs Jones/television

4. Bob/a letter

5. Arthur and Mike/ a box

6. Mrs Brown/the dishes

7. Tony/beer

drinking

watching

carrying

writing

typing

cleaning

washing

Предлоги.

Времени.

8 o’clock

10.30

midnight etc.

I start work at 8 o’clock.

The shops close at 5.30 p.m.

Sunday(s)

25 April

New year’s Day

Goodbye! See you on Friday.

I don’t work on Sundays.

The concert is on 22 November.

- In

April / June

1985 / 1750

(the) summer / spring

I’m going on holiday in October.

Jill left school in 1995.

The garden is lovely in spring |

also

at the weekend

at night

at Christmas /Easter

at the end of ...

at the moment

in the morning

in the afternoon

in the evening

but

on Monday morning

on Friday evening, etc.

Are you going away at the weekend?

I can’t sleep at night.

In Britain children get presents at Christmas.

I’m going on holiday at the end of October.

Are you busy at the moment?

I always feel good in the morning.

Do you often go out in the evening?

I’m meeting Jill on Monday morning.

Are you doing anything on Friday? |

in five minutes / in a few days / in six weeks / in two years etc.

- Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes.

- Goodbye. I’ll see you in a few days.

at on in We do not use at/ on / in before:

this ... (this morning / this week...)

every ...( every day / every week...)

last ... (last August / last week ...)

next ... ( next Monday / next week ...)

- They’re going on holiday next Monday.

- Last summer we went to Scotland.

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE ( Прошедшее законченное время)

The Past Perfect Tense( Прошедшее законченное время) употребляется для

выражения прошедшего действия, которое произошло до другого действия в

прошлом или которое закончилось в прошлом к определенному моменту.

Например:

I had already had dinner when they arrived.

Я уже пообедал, когда они прибыли.

He had finished his work by 2 o’clock yesterday.

Он уже закончил работу к 2 часам вчера.

Образуется Прошедшее законченное время при помощи прошедшей формы

вспомогательного глагола “to have “ и причастия 2 ( третьей формы)

cмыслового глагола.

Вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола “had”:

Had she taken that bag before you asked her?

Had they done the shopping by 3 p.m. yesterday?

Why had she told him everything before his wife saw them?

Отрицательная форма Прошедшего законченного времени образуется при помощи

отрицательной частицы “not”, которая ставится после вспомогательного

глагола “ had”:

The post had not arrived when she went downstairs.

Упражнения.

1. Перепишите предложения в прошедшем законченном времени, сделав все

необходимые изменения:

1. I am not hungry. I have already had dinner.

2. He is not tired. He has already had a sleep.

3. She is not busy. She has already done her homework.

4. She doesn’t take the umbrella. The rain has already stopped.

5. They are not in a hurry. The train has already left.

6. We do not have to take a taxi. The car has already come.

2. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Когда я попросил Аню напечатать письмо, она сказала , что она его уже

отпечатала.

2. Она сказала мне свое имя после того, как он ушел.

3. Когда они прибыли, спектакль уже начался.

4. Он уже изучал экономику до того, как уехал из Англии.

5. Он поблагодарил меня за то, что я для него сделал.

6. Когда они пришли на станцию, поезд уже отошел.

7. Она не узнала его, потому что никогда не видела его раньше

Тема 9

THE FUTURE ACTION

Для выражения будущего действия в современном английском языке

употребляется

Future Simple

Give me your bag. I’ll carry it for you (решение принято в момент

речи)

Present Continuous

I’m having an appointment tonight (запланированная встреча)

Going to (собираться что-либо сделать)

We are going to move to London.

Future Indefinite Tense

Образование Future indefinite Tense

1. Утвердительная форма Future Indefinite Tense образуется при помощи

вспомогательных глаголов shall и will и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола

(без частицы to). Shall употребляется с 1-м лицом единственного и

множественного числа, a will с остальными лицами:

I (we) shall work

he (she, it) , .„ .

, , ' } will work you (they)

2. В вопросительной форме Future Indefinite вспомогательный глагол ставится

перед подлежащим:

Shall I (we) work? Will he (you, they) work?

3. Отрицательная форма Future Indefinite образуется при помощи

отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I (we) shall not work. He (you, they) will not work.

4. В вопросительно-отрицательной форме Future indefinite частица not стоит

непосредственно после подлежащего:

Shall I (we) not work? Will he (you, they) not work?

5. В разговорной речи обычно употребляются следующие сокращения:

I'll [ail] work I shan't [ja:nt] work Shan't I work?

he'll [hil] work I" II not work

she'll [j'i:l] work he won't [wount] work Won't he (she, it) work?

we'll [wi:l] work he'll not work

You'll [ju:l] work she won't work Shan't we work?

They'll [6eil] work she'll not work

it won't work it will not work Won't you work?

we shan't work we' II not work Won't they work?

you won't work you'll not work

they won't work they'll network

Употребление Future Indefinite Tense

Future Indefinite Tense употребляется:

1. Для выражения действия, которое совершится в будущем. Может обозначать

как однократное, так и повторяющееся действие. Future Indefinite Tense

переводится на русский язык будущим временем глагола совершенного и не

совершенного вида, в зависимости от общего смысла предложения:

Не will return to Moscow Он вернется в Москву через

in a few days. несколько дней.

We shall not see him til! Monday. Мы не увидим его до понедельника.

They will take English lessons Они будут брать английские уроки

twice a week. два раза в неделю.

Примечание. Future Indefinite не употребляется в придаточных предложениях

времени и условия:

Не will send us a telegram as soon as the steamer arrives.

If I receive a letter from him, I' II let you know.

Он пошлет нам телеграмму, как только

прибудет пароход.

Если я получу письмо от него,

я дам вам знать.

Наряду с Future Indefinite, будущее время (действие) выражается также

посредством:

оборота

а) to be going to... - собираться сделать что-либо.

I am going to send him a telegram. Я собираюсь послать ему телеграмму.

(Я пошлю ему телеграмму.)

Не is going to spend this summer Он собирается провести свои летние

vocation in the Crimea. каникулы в Крыму. (Он

проведет...)

б) to be + смысловой глагол (+ing) (Настоящее продолженное время)

Не is taking his examination on Friday. У него экзамен в пятницу.

(Он держит экзамен в пятницу.)

в) Present Indefinite Tense:

The steamer sails tomorrow. Пароход уходит завтра.

г) shall/will + модель, представленная в пункте б)

Не will be meeting us at the station. Он нас встретит (будет встречать)

на

вокзале.

I shall be writing to him tomorrow. Я напишу (буду писать) ему завтра.

Эти варианты выражения будущего действия очень часто употребляются в

разговорной речи вместо Future Indefinite Tense. Особенно часто

употребляется оборот to be going to для выражения намерения какого-нибудь

лица совершить действие или уверенности в его совершении.

If and When

В придаточных предложениях времени или условия для выражения будущих

действий употребляется present simple, а не future simple.

When (if) he reads this book he will give it to me.

Когда (если) он прочтет эту книгу, он даст ее мне.

I shall send him a telegram, if I do Я пошлю ему телеграмму, если не

not receive an answer to my letter, получу ответа на свое письмо.

• if you see ... / if I am ... etc. for the future. For example:

- If you see Ann this evening, can you ask her to phone me?

We say: if you see (not 'if you will see'), if I am (not 'if I will be').

Use the present (not 'will) after if:

- If I'm late this evening, don't wait for me. (not 'If I will be late')

- What shall we do if it rains? (not 'if it will rain')

- If I don't feel well tomorrow, I'll stay at home.

-When I get home this evening, I'm going to have a shower.

Упражнения

1..Вставьте if или when:

1... I'm late this evening, don't wait for me.

2 ........ I don't see you tomorrow, I'll phone you.

3. Do you mind ........ I close the window?

4 _..... I get up in the morning, Г usually drink a cup of coffee

5. Have something to eat. ........ you don't eat now, you'll be hungry

later

6 John is still 1 at school. ........ he leaves school, he wants to go to

university.

7 Be careful! ........ you aren't careful, you'll fall.

2. I’m going to .. or I’ll…

1. What are you going to do when you finish college?

2. What sort of job do you hope to get?

3. Where will you live?

4. Where will you live if your job is far away?

5. How will you spend your first month’s salary?

6. Are you going to travel to other countries?

7. Where do you hope to go?

Тема 10

Taking phone calls. (Как принять телефонный звонок)

1. Can I help you?

2. Who is calling?

3. What name, please?

4. Can I have… ?

5. Could I speak to …?

6. I’d like to …?

1. – Good morning, Park hotel. Can I help you?

- I’d like to book a room for three nights.

- Yes, madam. Could I have your name, please?

- Mrs. Andrews.

2. -___________Garden restaurant. Can I help you?

- _____reserve a table for six, for Wednesday evening.

- Yes, what name ,please?

- My name is Jackson.

3. – Good evening. Fratelli’s.

- ____speak to the manager ____?

- Yes, who is calling?

- Mr. Evans.

4. – Good morning, Carlton Hotel. Can I help you?

- Hello,______reservations , please?

- ________please.

Make sentences.

Example: morning / can / help

Good morning! Can I help you?

1. afternoon /can / help

2. could / have / name

3. can / have / reservations

4. could / speak / manager

5. could / book / single room / two nights

6. could / speak / John

7. could / reserve table / for six

8. can / have / room service

B. making requests with “I’d like to … “

Make sentences.

Example: book / single room / three nights

I’d like to book a single room for three nights.

1. book / double room / two nights

2. reserve / table for two / Tuesday evening

3. book / single room / four nights

4. speak / manager

5. reserve / table for four / Saturday / 8 p.m.

6. send / an application form

7. invite / guests / weekend

8. listen / cassette / jass

New words to use:

to book manager number

table

double name reserve

application form

full night single

room service

S U M M A R Y

Now you can ( теперь Вы можете):

Answer the telephone politely ( отвечать на звонок вежливо ) –

“- Good morning. Can I help you?”

Ask for things (попросить что-либо) –

“ - Could I have your name, please?”

Understand, what people want ( понять, о чем Вас просят ) –

“ - I’d like a single room.”

“ - Could I speak to the manager, please?”

Ask who is on the phone ( спросить, кто звонит) –

“ - Who is calling?”

Extra words: Days of the week –

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Numbers – twenty three( but the twenty third)

Giving information.

1. The hotel is in the center of the city.

2. There’s a sauna.

3. There are two bars.

4. The cost is $ 16. 50.

5. I’m Mr. Evans.

6. My name’s Evans.

Заполните пропуски. Используйте краткие формы , где возможно

My name (1)_____ Mr Black. I (2)____ the manager of the Savoy

Hotel. The hotel (3) _____ in Main Street. There (4) _____ 100 double

rooms and 20 single rooms. (5) __________ a bar and a restaurant. There

(6) ______ table d’hote meals at lunchtime and table d’hote and a’ la

carte in the evening.

New words to use .

a’ la carte exchange bureau per

bar exit

sauna

car park disable facilities

special

center information

street

city meal

swimming pool

coffee shop man’s toilet

table d’hote

course menu

women’s toilet

Extra words

Currencies: Pounds, Dollars, Francs, Marcs, Crowns, Yen, Pesetas

Numbers.

Taking reservations. (Как принять предварительный заказ )

1) What time do you serve lunch?

2) Are you open every day?

3) from Tuesday to Sunday

4) on Monday

5) at 1 p.m.

6) What name is it?

7) How many for?

Questions and answers in the Present Simple tense are for routines,

timetable, and everyday state of things.

Examples:

Does he speak English?

Yes, he does. No he doesn’t.

Do you serve lunch?

Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

What time do you serve lunch?

We serve lunch from 12.00 to 2.30.

How much does a single room costs?

It costs 55 pounds.

A. Answer these questions. Use short answers.

Example: “Do you serve lunch?”

“Yes we do.”

1) Do you serve dinner? No,__

2) Do you speak English? Yes,__

3) Do you have a single room for tonight? No,__

4) Does the waiter speak English? Yes,__

5) Does the hotel have a sauna? No,__

6) Does the bar open at six? Yes,__

7) Does he live in London? No,__

8) Do you know the answer? Yes,__

9) Does he fill in the application form? Yes,__

10) Does Kate like the weather here? Yes,__

B. Make questions and answers.

Example: What time/serve/lunch/12.30 to 2.30

What time do you serve lunch?

We serve lunch from 12.30 to 2.30.

1. What time /serve dinner

2. How much /single room/cost/65 pounds

3. What time /bar open/seven o’clock

4. How much /small beer/cost/1.55 pounds

5. What time/ have lunch/12.00-13.00

6. When / post office / close / 6 p.m.

New words

a.m. every day head waiter

o’clock

room close get up

leave

open serve closed

lunch p.m. travel

post office

Activity.

Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your routines/

What time you ________________get up?

_______ __have breakfast?

________leave your home?

_____ get to your office?

How ______________ travel to college / Institute?

What time ___________have lunch?

__________go home?

What ________do in the evening?

What time __________go to bed?

Extra words :

Seasons – summer, autumn, winter, spring

Meals – breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper

Titles – Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms.

Restaurant staff – Maitre d’ hotel, waitress, waiter

Passive Voiсe (Страдательный залог)

Страдательный залог употребляется обычно тогда, когда неизвестно, кто

совершает действие. Важно лишь, какое действие совершается и кто его

испытывает.

Форма страдательного залога образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола

to be в соответствующем времени, лице, числе и Past Participle (причастие

прошедшего времени) смыслового глагола.

Сравните:

Active Voice Passive Voice

Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

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Лекции по английскому (полный курс)

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